REPORTED SPEECH

Reported speech is the way we represent the speech of other people by using our own language. Reported speech have two main types that is direct and indirect speech.

A.      Direct Speech

Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words.

Example:

(+) I like ice cream

B.      Indirect Speech

Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words.

Example:

                (+) She says (that) she likes ice cream.

The way to change direct into indirect speech
 

When the reporting verb is in the present or future tense…

If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tense of the verb in the direct speech does not undergo any changes in the indirect speech.

She says, ‘I have done my duty.’ (Direct speech)
She says that she has done her duty. (Indirect speech)

1.       Direct: He says to her, ‘I will wait for you at the railway station.’
Indirect: He tells her that he will wait for her at the railway station.

2.       Direct: He says, ‘I am not coming.’
Indirect: He says that he is not coming.

3.       Direct: She will say, ‘I don’t want to come.’
Indirect: She will say that she does not want to come.

4.       Direct: He will say, ‘I cannot wait any longer.’
Indirect: He will say that he cannot wait any longer.

When the reporting verb is in the past tense…

When the reporting verb is in the past tense, all present tenses inside the quotation marks will change to their corresponding past tenses.

The simple present tense will change into the simple past tense.
The present continuous tense will change into the past continuous tense.
The past continuous tense will change into the past perfect continuous tense.

The present perfect tense will change into the past perfect tense.
The present perfect continuous tense will change into the past perfect continuous tense.

Past perfect and Past perfect continuous do not change.

Statements :

Past from direct into indirect

1.       She said, "I taught online yesterday."

Into

2.       She said she had taught online yesterday.

Present from direct into indirect

1.       She said, "It's cold."

Into

2.       She said it was cold.

Question :

Yes or No question

1.       My friend says “are you coming with us ?”

into

2.       My friend asked if I was going with them.

Information question

1.       Where does peter live ?

Into

2.       She asked him where peter lived.

Conclusion :

                So we usually using direct speech when we talking face to face to someone and we usually using indirect speech when we forwarding some message from people to people, but we must pay attention to adverb of time and place when we using the indirect speech.

Exercise

               
1.  Who is sitting beside Tom?

a.      He asked me who was sitting beside Tom that time.

b.      He asked me was sitting beside Tom that time.

c.       He asked me who is sitting beside Tom.

d.      He asked me who is Tom sitting beside.

2.  Please wait for me at the bus stop.

a.      Endy told me to wating her at the bus stop.

b.      Endy told me waited for her at the bus stop that time.

c.       Endy told me waited for me at the bus stop that time.

d.      Endy told me waits for her at the bus stop that time.

3.  Window-shopping is my favorite hobby.

a.      Septi said that window-shopping is her favorite hobby.

b.      Septi said that if window-shopping was my favorite hobby.

c.       Septi said that window-shopping was my favorite hobby.

d.      Septi said that window-shopping was her favorite hobby.

4.  I ate some beef burgers yesterday.

a.      Jean said that she have eat some beef burgers the day before.

b.      Jean said that she has ate some beef burgers the day before.

c.       Jean said that she had been eaten some beef burgers the day before.

d.      Jean said that she had been eat some beef burgers yesterday.

5.  This is the bag which I bought yesterday.

a.      He said that was the bag which he had been bought the day before.

b.      He said that was the bag which I bought the day before.

c.       He said that the bag was which he had buy the day before.

d.      He said that was the bag which I had been bought the day before.

6.  Who is hiding under the bed?

a.      Mom wanted to know why was hiding under the bed.

b.      Mom said she was hiding under the bed.

c.       Mom wanted to hiding under the bed.

d.      Mom wanted to know who was hiding under the bed.

7.  Elisa had been living in Bangok before she moved to Jakarta.

a.      Firmansyah said that Elisa have live in Bangkok before she moved to Jakarta.

b.      Firmansyah said that Elisa had been living in Bangkok before she moved to Jakarta.

c.       Firmansyah said that Elisa is living in Bangkok before she moved to Jakarta.

d.      Firmansyah said that Elisa was in Bangkok before she move to Jakarta.

8.  I have been travelling around the world for over three years.

a.      Grandpa said he had been travelling around the world for over three years.

b.      Grandpa said he have been travel around the world for over three years.

c.       Grandpa said he was travel around the world for over three years.

d.      Grandpa said he is travelling around the world for over three years.

9.  When you pushed me, I was holding my phone.

a.      Keyza said when you push him, he was holding my phone.

b.      Keyza said when I push him, he was holding his phone.

c.       Keyza said when I pushed him, he was holding his phone.

d.      Keyza said when I pushed him, he is holding my phone.

10.  My name is Harry.

a.      He said his name is Harry.

b.      He said his name might Harry.

c.       He said his name will Harry.

d.      He said his name has Harry.

Key answer : abdcdbaca

Source :

http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/direct-and-indirect-speech/
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/reportedspeech.html
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reported-speech.html
http://strataway10.blogspot.co.id/2015/03/soal-latihan-dan-kunci-jawaban.html
http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/question-forms-and-reported-speech/